Archive for the ‘Communicating at Work’ Category

Responding to feedback starts before the review

Mar
13

Whether it’s a document edit, a design critique, or a performance review, receiving feedback in a vacuum can be a shock.

By “in a vacuum,” I mean without having discussed the objectives and success criteria. What are the metrics? How will the results be used?

Without this information, receiving feedback can be like going to a meeting without an agenda. Painful.

If you have requested feedback, be clear about what is helpful.

UX architect Mike Hughes has written about “first eyes” and “last eyes” when it comes to critique. Is the piece a first draft, or is it due tomorrow? Have you ever asked for input at an early stage and gotten feedback that focused on low-level details? It can also be overwhelming to ask for a proofreading and receive copious suggestions on content and organization. I tend to be a high-level thinker, and so have been guilty of the latter. Save everyone’s time and aggravation by asking what kind of comments would be helpful.

Sometimes we’re asked to solicit opinions and it’s not clear why. I’ve been asked to have surprise stakeholders weigh in at late stages in the development process. If you’re in the habit of clarifying expectations for reviews, it can help you manage expectations about what you’ll do with the input. If I explain up front that I’ll schedule all non-emergency edits for the next release, everyone understands why they don’t see their edits incorporated immediately.

Explain known issues, architecture, and choices made.

If you haven’t done the final proofread or formatting, and you’re sending something for, say, a technical review, you may want to mention there may be issues. If there were tradeoffs made in the design, you can mention those and other design decisions.

Marta Presents Her Final Project
Marta Presents Her Final Project by Peter Alfred Hess, on Flickr

How do you communicate design decisions for a review and still be brief enough to make the information palatable? How do you avoid the feeling of being in a tennis or boxing match; responding with your rationale, blow by blow, to the volley of things the reviewer doesn’t love?

One way is by breaking review into smaller chunks. Another way is by meeting prior to the review to explain the overall architecture and priorities of the design. I also like to meet after I’ve incorporated the reviewer’s edits to demo the changes inspired by his or her input. That’s a good time to discuss the edits I chose to defer or decline.

Know who has the final say.

Who are the stakeholders? Who needs to review, and when? Who owns which decisions? Talk to each of them (together, if possible) and agree on a review schedule.

To document this, you may be able to send out this agreement in an email, or put up a quick flow chart in the war room (hello, Agile folk). But if you have a team of writers or designers who move from project to project, dealing with some product owners infrequently, it can be useful to be able to point back to some more formal guidelines. For example, if your team uses templates or structured authoring, you may want to explain the process and consequences for deviating from those structures (or that you don’t). These guidelines can live in your SOPs or style guides.

At the very least, it’s good to confirm with your boss that you know which stakeholders decide about what.

If the review was not your idea, clarify expectations.

When someone announced they are going to review your work, it can be stressful. Performance reviews come to mind. It’s reasonable for you to ask for more information. Your questions can be helpful for the reviewer, too, and improve the quality of the review.

What questions will be asked? What criteria are used? What is the effect of the results? What response will be required by you if something is found to be lacking? What are the consequences? What is the timeline? How much preparation will you have?

I’ve got a new resolution to practice.

I don’t go to meetings without agendas, and I don’t go to critiques without agendas, either.

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Two Weeks Notice > One Year OJT

Aug
1

Some of you already know that I gave notice at work and I’m moving to Chicago this week. I actually gave conditional notice a couple of months ago. Among other things, I asked to work on different projects.

The roles for technical communicators are pretty set at our company, but other departments do change and restructure quite a bit. I wanted to work on internal and external audience research and content strategy. It was a long shot, but not inconceivable.

My manager asked me, in several different one-on-one meetings, about what I wanted to work on. She took notes, and took those notes to her managers, but nobody ever said anything more about it, beyond my manager apologizing for the delay, and eventually it became clear that my long shot was out of range.

The Gauntlet is Not Just an E-Book

My manager explained that if I were to stay, one of my main focuses would be on mentoring.

What I heard was that I would work on .chms and WebHelps in a Tech Comm department silo until it was too late to break free into the next tax bracket.

This, of course, was an overreaction. But to call the mentoring role a cul-de-sac probably wasn’t an exaggeration, and that was hard to face. It was a skill set I wanted, but it wasn’t the time or the place.

I was intrigued, though, by her insistence on the team’s autonomy, and by my reaction to it. Consequently, it seemed everything I read or heard in the following weeks was related.

I had already seen this RSA white-board animation, actually, of a talk by Dan Pink, in which he says what people want most is autonomy. Okay, but how does that translate into a successful team?

I heard a bit on NPR about Frank Oppenheimer’s hands-off running of the Exploratorium in San Francisco, and the brilliant research that was produced in that environment. I’m having a hard time finding that July 13 story on NPR, but here’s an interview with his biographer. Anyway, I thought, “Well, but maybe you have to have people with the right experience and talent.”

In a nutshell, I picked at my blind spot. I could tell that I had an irrational resistance to something that I was fundamentally misunderstanding. Then I heard a podcast that, when it reminded me of work, made me wonder if I might be pushing the healthy limits of thinking on a work problem. I’ll share it with you anyway.

A Great Department Takes Time, and Manuals Aren’t Babies

One of my favorite radio shows is “This American Life” on Chicago Public Radio. Four months after the 2009 earthquake in Haiti, they did a show about the lagging relief efforts there.

The show outlines the obstacles in a program for helping mango farmers, a history of failed aid efforts in Haiti, and the contrast between a long-running missionary hospital and the Haitian-run clinic to which a doctor from the missionary hospital has transferred.

The doctor could be much more effective, in the short term, at the missionary hospital. The site was equipped for many more procedures than the Haitian-run clinic, and the American staff were trained to run in an efficient manner that was not the case at the Haitian-run clinic.

The trade off was the level of control and paternalism. Until recently, the wife of one of the founding doctors had worn the key to the medicine closet around her neck. One night when she was ill, they’d had to carry her out of her bed to unlock it for an emergency surgery.

The doctor ran the American clinic. At the Haitian clinic, he was one doctor among many. He was not in charge of anything. He had to watch people with injuries–including babies–that were relatively simple to treat suffer inefficient care, travel great distances from facility to facility to get their needs met, and sometimes die as a result.

It was frustrating, but perhaps less so than having the Haitian people resent the help they were receiving. The doctor was rejecting the “benevolent dictatorship” of the missionary hospital, which he saw as a failed model.

“The choice to then go the other extreme; to purposely work hard at not becoming a dictator for the sake of building community means that people are going to suffer, people are going to die. Goods will not be provided; services will not be rendered.”

In our case, no one is likely to die. Deadlines may not be met. Clients may not be impressed. They might be so unimpressed that they never press F1 again. Maybe those things will happen, and if we’re not measuring, we’ll never even know.

It’s a risk I’ll train myself to take.

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Did AmerIndians Have Kaizen? How to Use Metrics

Jul
28

A People’s History of Business Trends

I took American History as an Advanced Placement course in high school, so I’m not sure why signed up for it again my second semester at New College, but it was worth it.

The class met in a small, bookshelf-lined room in a waterfront mansion built in the 1920′s by John and Mabel Ringling. As in Ringling Brothers. We sat around a shiny oak table and discussed our readings with a professor who entertained the Dalai Lama whenever His Holiness was in town. 

College Hall

Photo by livingonimpulse.

When we started reading about Andrew Jackson, and the Trail of Tears, the professor started off the discussion referring to Native Americans as American Indians and then shortened it thereafter to AmerIndians, which was handy. I wonder if any of the other students wanted to cop the term as badly as I wanted to. None of us did; not in class. In fact, I don’t remember many of us talking much at all. But I was pretty dumbstruck by most of the New College experience, so maybe it was just me who was mute.

For the first time, I saw what happened to American Indians as a series of political plays. By themselves, many of the moves were cold-blooded and villainous, some were regular old greed and bureaucracy. The process of genocide became even more shocking when conversationally disrobed of its mystery. It was a great class.

I’m also part Cherokee (who isn’t?), and I’ve done some reading about their culture. So, when I began slowly making my way through A People’s History of the United States, by Howard Zinn, this summer, I had already read a bit about social and governance traditions for various tribes when I came across this passage quoting historian Dale Van Every:

The freedom of the individual was regarded by practically all Indians north of Mexico as a canon infinitely more precious than the individual’s duty to his community or nation.

Zinn goes on to describe tribal government as, “an occasional assembling of a council, with a very loose and changing membership, whose decisions were not enforced except by the influence of public opinion.”

During my New College years, that would have pleased me, though I doubt I could have actually envisioned the daily functioning of that kind of system. Now, it makes me uneasy. I mean, isn’t that just a vague meeting with action items like, “Okay, consider doing what we discussed today,” and, “Make sure everyone knows how advisable this is”? Shudder.

Zinn quotes a minister who lived among Indians, “. . . [A] government in which there are no positive laws, but only long established habits and customs, no code of jurisprudence . . . in which age confers rank, wisdom gives power, and moral goodness secures title to universal respect.” It sounded dismally conservative and unchanging to me. Where was the continuous improvement?

As I read the chapter and experienced my own reaction, I realized I would probably horrify New-College-Age me.

In Which I Overwhelm and Alienate

In the past year, I have been reading about content strategy, so I’ve been learning how to base content, including product documentation, on business needs. To some extent, my company does this naturally. They know that we need docs to satisfy the labeling requirement imposed by the FDA, so they hired all us tech writers. Of course, docs can do more than that, but justifying the means to other business ends requires some sales work on our part. So I’ve become obsessed with various metrics that can help with that.

I’ve also been working on audience analysis, with the goals of making our writing process more efficient and our information more findable. I’ve wanted to measure the users so that we can only write what we need to, with the assumption that we are currently writing way to much about some things and not enough about other things. The assumption is that we are not instinctually writing what the users need, nor are we hitting the mark based on the few anecdotes that have been shared with us.

I have wanted to be systematic, and there has been friction. I had my review last week, and I had all high marks, but with one piece of criticism regarding my collaboration skills, “. . .[S]ometimes Kristi can overwhelm and alienate her team mates with her initiatives and the depth to which she wants to be systematic in her approach.” Ouch.

It was not the first time my boss has mentioned this, and I’ve been working on it. It’s been hard for me to empathize with the aversion to metrics. My boss has expressed such a faith in the autonomy of the team, though, and in honoring their interests and preferences, that I’ve been exploring this blind spot of mine.

My reaction to the AmerIndian anarchy provided a clue. Maybe I should be doing metrics in moderation. Maybe I am overindulging. Commerce has not always been in this form, as Clue Train points out, and continuous improvement might arrive by other paths. If too many numbers spell a fear-based workplace for some people, what is the proper role for metrics?

In Which I Count Calories for Less Than a Week

I have had an extra 30 pounds on me since not long after I started working as a technical writer. I’m 5’10”, so it’s not as extreme as it might be for a smaller woman, but it’s still uncomfortable.

I’ve had a few anorexic friends. I have a pretty good idea of what an unhealthy food conversation sounds like. I feel half-anorexic after one conversation about food with just about any woman, and so I have resisted  counting calories, but I’m doing it for a limited time to recalibrate my ability to judge how much food is too much for one day. I’m doing it because I was running four and five miles and still not dropping pounds.

And after about two weeks of not even being diligent about the calorie counting, I’m seeing a difference.

It was the same way with budgeting. I set up the budget, and was diligent about counting every dollar for three or four months, and then I just internalized it. I more or less memorized the amounts and got used to the idea that there was a finite number of dollars available.

So how does that relate to performance metrics? How does it relate to the business goals of product documentation, and measuring the needs of customers?

Maybe it’s just that people don’t want their entire working days tied to someone else’s interpretation of the numbers. Maybe people want some control over which numbers are helpful. Maybe we want people we trust to lead that discussion, or else we’re going to keep doing what has gotten us raises and reasonable working hours, thanks very much.

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How to Turn a Destination Wedding into a Blog Post

Apr
22

My sister got married this past weekend at Copper Mountain ski resort in Colorado. About 40 of us flew in to dance and drink at high altitudes in celebration with the couple. We stayed in luxury cabins they had rented for the weekend, catching up with family and mixing with friends and family of the bride and groom.

I am not a fan of destination weddings, as a rule, but they did a good job of keeping it low key. And anyway, they have family and friends all over the country. Most of us were going to have to fly somewhere and get a hotel. Why not fly to Colorado?

I’d missed a couple of family reunions, so I had to give the abridged story of my 20s for some aunts and uncles. It’s interesting to me to see where people’s eyes glaze over.

Besides the catching up, there were logistics to communicate about. That can be a good icebreaker for talking to housemates you don’t know– “Can you help me find the coffee?” and “Let’s figure out how this TV works.” Instant conversation.

Village Rules: No Can’t and No Elbows

When we were little, the uncle that my sister and I were closest to was our Uncle Tim. He spent the most time with us, and he was fun. He took us bike riding, told us jokes, and let us play his Sega.

Uncle Tim tried to help teach us things. It usually worked because we looked up to him. At the wedding, he and I got on the topic of people and experiences that had influenced us. He had a boss once who used to always say, “Can’t never got anything done.” I recognized the phrase immediately as something he’d said to us. It had stuck with me, too.

The two of us had quite different interpretations of the aphorism. He took it to mean that he should be as independent as possible–try everything he can on his own before saying he can’t do something and asking for help.

I use it as a reminder to ask for help in a positive way. When I go to a more experienced person for help, I don’t say I “can’t” do something—I explain why I’m having trouble and offer a couple of possible solutions I’d like to try once I get more guidance. I think that’s a form of independence; making it easy for someone to help me.

I had almost forgotten where I’d learned the saying. Getting to spend time with Uncle Tim was one of the best parts of the wedding trip.

Another thing I remember about my uncle is that my mom getting super pissed once because he thumped me at the dinner table for having my elbows on the table. Thumping for manners was something their dad, my grandfather, had done, and I guess my mom disagreed with it. It’s interesting how people negotiate the boundaries for influencing kids.

I don’t happen to think elbows on the table matters much, for the record, as long as you’re sitting up straight.

How to Help the Bride (and Other Stressed-Out People)

I mentioned that the bride and groom arranged the cabin rentals. They also arranged for car rentals, coordinated drives to and from the airport, arranged several group meals and activities, and made all the usual catering and floral decisions, all from a thousand miles away in Chicago.

It was an extra level of special to have us together for three days vacationing together for the wedding, but it was also and extra level of stress. The couple had friends and family to visit in three different houses, coming and going and many different times.

At 9:30 on the last night, it still wasn’t clear who all was riding with who back to the airport. I caught up with my sister as she was headed up the hill to have s’mores with her friends at the house up the hill.

“Do you know yet who can drive us to the hotel tomorrow on their way to the airport?” I asked.

“No, but we’ll figure it out tonight.”

“Okay, well let’s talk about it before it gets too much later, because some people are going to bed soon. Did you know Mom and Dad are leaving at 7 a.m.? Did you say good-bye to them, yet?”

“No. They are? Shoot. Okay.” She stood in the front of the door with her coat and purse, looking uncertain.

“What do you want to do?” This is what I said, but what I should have said was, “How can I help you get that done so you can say good-bye to everyone?”

“What do you think I should do?” she asked. It was another opportunity for me to make a constructive suggestion.

“I think you should say good-bye to mom and dad before they go to bed.” This was not very helpful. It’s established that she has to say good-bye. My reiterating that was just bossy and stubborn. And I could tell by her face that I’d added to her stress.

I see people do this at work, and I’ve done it. You’ve probably seen someone making a stressful situation for themselves and for others by having not been perfectly prepared, or by not having done some research they should have. The meeting is stalled, or people have to stay late. It’s not often easy to be gracious under those circumstances. But it’s worth it.

Because nothing is gained by being self-righteous about how things ought to have been done. People rolling their eyes when a co-worker can’t get the projector going for a meeting, getting impatient to rush out the door at quitting time, and impatient about uncertainty in a project. What are you proving? That you’re fabulous and this would never happen to you? How fabulous are you if you aren’t making the situation better?

Yes, people should be vigilant about being prepared. Yes, people should respect your time. But you should get over yourself. With all the energy you’re wasting imagining how they should have done it better, you could have done something to help. Made small talk with someone else who’s waiting. Made a suggestion on how to move forward without the missing information. Made a plan to contact the necessary resource and meet again in an hour. Anything that doesn’t involve making a frustrating situation more negative. And waiting until you get back to your desk to complain doesn’t count.

You might think you know why a person is screwing up, and it might be because they suck. Or you might just be acting like an asshole.

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ORIGINAL: How the Jobs I Left Off My Resume Prepared Me for Tech Comm

Apr
8

About edited posts: I’m putting selected posts through another iteration. Some need tweaks to the tone, some need more sentences in active voice, some could use a more substantial rewrite to better support their main ideas, and some just need better proofreading. Okay, they all need better proofreading.

About this post: I needed to better demonstrate how the job lessons pertain to tech comm. Additionally, I made some edits to make the post more appropriate as something that’s available from my LinkedIn profile. The edited post is available here.
It used to be that the resume articles I read were almost unanimous in advising against the multi-page resume. That may have been partly because I was focused on materials for less experienced workers, but if I’m not mistaken it has become less taboo to break into the second page. Still, until now I have been an entry-level or near entry-level job seeker, and I’ve felt that I ought to keep myself to one page. That plus the desire to leave out some shorter or irrelevant job stints in my younger years led me to leave some things off my resume.

Currently, my resume starts with my current position, then talks about my STC involvement, then my previous position as a bartender, partly to bridge back to job coaching (think task analysis) experience. It stops there. But, I think some of the positions before that were formative, too.

Phone Jobs

I have had two extended stints doing phone surveys; “market research.” I’ve also done a couple of very short, tortuous forays into phone sales. This is probably my most important undeclared skill—talking to customers on the phone. I’m not always the smoothest, but I have a decent voice and I know the important stuff. No negative phrasing, no yes-or-no questions, smile, assume a positive response and move forward with your reason for calling.

There are also basic courtesies for dealing with anyone on the phone, client or no; what I tend to think of as “phone usability.” Ask if they have time to talk, leave short messages, leave your number every time, make a list of every thing you have to ask before you call.

The most important part might be knowing when to call. At my office job in a large company, I think phone calls are for more complex issues, or things too urgent to wait for an email response, or for when an email string shows signs of getting sour. Some teams prefer the phone even without these considerations, but I think it can be an unnecessary interruption. Let people add less urgent requests to their list as they come in via email.

Day Care Teacher

I was a teacher for a group of three and four-year-olds for a couple of months before I became a job coach. Later I helped a woman find a job as a day care teacher. Between those two experiences, I attended quite a few trainings on how to entertain, redirect, and encourage kids. This stuff applies to dealing with absolutely everyone, and I still practice it today. And I do mean practice.

I also learned that day care teachers are wildly underpaid. It’s actually kind of appalling how underpaid they are.

Nanny

During my first college attempt, after a phone survey job, I was a nanny for a family friend for about six months. I watched the kids after school and a weekend night. I had use of a car to pick them up from school, and I did some light house keeping. The two main things I took away from it was an intimate glimpse into a family (affluent, indulgent, a bit divided) much different than mine had been and a taste of having total trust invested in me really without much cause. It was . . . interesting.

Dietary Aide

My first job at age 15 was working in the dining room of an assisted living facility. Larger facilities have multiple aids during meals, but I had to serve meals and close the dining room down alone at night. Food service is such a great field for learning hard work and workplace politics—I think I’d recommend it to a kid over retail.

Selling Newspapers, Building Classic Cars

I was at each of these jobs two weeks or less and didn’t bother to give real notice for either one (I was eighteen): a crew of door-to-door newspaper salespeople and building fiberglass bodies for imitation classic cars. Both are terrible jobs. It may be that I am simply a fortunate person (well, I know that’s true, but not sure that it invalidates this insight), but what I learned is not to stay at a terrible job for ridiculous pay. There must be more to life than that.

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How to Handle a Total Communication Breakdown

Mar
15

“Sometimes, nothing works. You say something, making all the proper moves, and nothing happens. You get an icy silence, a blank look, folded arms. You try another move—you try Leveling, perhaps. And still nothing happens.”

This is a quote from the “Emergency Techniques” chapter of Suzette Haden Elgin’s book, The Gentle Art of Verbal Self Defense, the 2009 edition. In fact, the title of this post is a heading from a section in that chapter on coming to a standstill in a negotiation.

“What this means is that you are lacking some vital piece of information. You have broken a rule you know nothing about, perhaps because the other person is from a different cultural group than you are, perhaps for entirely personal reasons.”

The book describes verbal attack patterns and modes. Leveler mode, in which what the speaker says is what the speaker feels, is the ideal communication mode, but is often not safe or appropriate. For one thing, it can seem like an attack to some people. “This article is not well written” is a straightforward assertion in Leveler mode. It’s not necessarily a verbal attack if spoken in a neutral tone.

The safest mode is Computer mode; using abstract, controlled, and noncommittal speech and body language.

Here’s a paragraph in Computer mode: It’s interesting that people feel the need for a book on defending themselves in conversation. It can be stressful to have a confrontation. It would seem that it’s possible to disguise a verbal attack as friendly banter. There are statistics suggesting that these situations are possibly detrimental to people’s health.

Computer mode is deliberately passive, and should probably be even less substantive than the paragraph above, if I have read the book correctly. This mode of speech can be used to stall unwanted conversations and to diffuse tension. The point of verbal self defense, as described by Elgin, is not to smack down your opponent with your wit and sharp tongue, but to avoid verbal violence and get to Leveler mode when possible. As in martial arts, we should only use the necessary amount of force, and no more.

“In this situation you have only one appropriate response: You become absolutely silent, too. And you wait.”

I read the entire book waiting to encounter information on gossip and sarcasm, but I’m pretty sure neither word appears in the text. There was quite a bit of advice about avoiding verbal retaliation, and feeding into a confrontation. I think the gist is that we shouldn’t feed the trolls IRL any more than we should online.

“If this happens to you in a situation in where you are facing a group and you have a responsibility to fulfill . . . be sure that you make your position clear before you resort to silence.”

I’ve got more appreciation now for spoken rhetoric. It’s a skill to be honed. I love the idea that once I am proficient at it I will be confident enough to diffuse attacks and hostility without having to retaliate, and without fear that I am being taken advantage of. And now I have shared one of Elgin’s emergency techniques with you.

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How Being an Admin Prepared Me for Technical Communication

Feb
22

I applied to become an administrative assistant because I wanted to get out of the restaurant and into a “professional” environment. That was the reason I gave in interviews. I think I included it in the objective section of the resumes that I broadcasted via Monster and Careerbuilder. Of course, it is possible to practice professionalism in the hospitality industry. What I meant was that I wanted “knowledge work” and I wanted to get paid. Entry level admins don’t really get “paid” in the way I meant, but I saw it as a foot in the door.

I was an admin at my company for six months, on assignment helping in Human Resources. It was a perfect assignment for learning the company. I got to be very aware of which departments were hiring, and I set my sights on the technical communications department. I learned who reports to who. I got some idea of which departments paid how much. Some of the other things I learned turned out to apply to technical communication quite well.

I learned that sometimes it’s useful to do the work that is beneath other people.

When I became a tech writer, the department was still smarting from a long-standing stigma that they were just glorified secretaries—asked to take notes in meetings, “prettying up documents.” These days, we’ve established an ever-increasing cache of credibility, and we can take such misconceptions in stride. You want me to take notes or format a document? Okay, but do you also need a template so you can do it yourself next time? ( Past STC President Suzanna Laurent gave me that idea when she presented to our chapter.) You want to make a doubtful remark about my ability to learn the product? Let me volunteer to log some defects for you.

Someone who knows their stuff doesn’t have to be threatened by doing a little of the work that is “secretarial.” When I was an admin, that was how I learned about the company, and it’s the same now.

Every time I set out to schedule a meeting, untangle a mind-numbing pile of data or log training hours for the group; I learn something about how our systems interact, or about new processes that are coming down the pike. I learn who really signs off on things.

These are tasks that an intern or admin could complete, and maybe that would be something to discuss with my manager long term, but in the meantime I can just take care of it and enjoy a break from the hard stuff.

Leaders serve—they take the project notes, they go the extra distance to help someone who should probably know better. Because people need that sometimes. Why complain about what people should be doing when you can be figuring out what it is they are actually doing, and why they do things that way?

Of course, common sense and your own personality still apply. A writer in our department has been dealing with an obstinate development manager for months, and at the end of their last meeting he asked her to carry a document to a director for him. That’s exasperating, and there are about a hundred different ways to deal with it, depending on your style. But in general, having a chip on your shoulder is just distracting.

I learned how to use Outlook, and how to write an email.

Okay, I’m still learning all the time how to write better emails. I took a pretty good class about email recently, in which I learned many Outlook tips. I say, learn all the Outlook tips you can, if your company uses it from email and scheduling. I get 30 to 50 emails a day, and sometimes more. Anything I can do to efficiently process those and to communicate well via email makes me a more effective tech writer.

Tech writers have to schedule meetings with SMEs. We have to get ourselves invited to meetings that no one thought to invite us to before. The more you can avoid flubbing in Outlook, the more stealthy you can be about getting others to include you.

We’re better now, but our department used to write the longest, most expressive (and therefor most potentially misconstrued) emails in the company, as far as I could tell. I was just as guilty as anyone, although when I was an admin I started learning right away how to get people to read my emails. I had to email large groups of people, or ask a director to review a document. I learned to use my bulleted lists and bold headings.

But this is all elementary to you, so I’ll just share a couple of the most important things I’ve learned, plus a pet peeve:

  • I write the shortest emails I possibly can to developers. Most people will prefer shorter emails, but with developers I almost never get more than one question answered at a time. Two questions means no reply, often. Seriously—one or two sentences.
  • Learn how to use the meeting features, and double and triple check before you hit Send. There isn’t much that’s more annoying than a screwed up meeting request.
  • If a meeting time doesn’t work, always suggest a new time. For the love of Pete, don’t use the Decline feature. Who knows what to do with a declined meeting request? Call me or email me to figure out if we can reschedule. Try using the feature that lets you propose a new time. Declining gums up the works.

I learned how to talk to executives.

Okay, still learning this one, too. By this I mean, being confident enough when I speak to efficiently get my point across. Because those folks are in a hurry and not shy about interrupting. What I did learn right away, because I had to in order to get HR paperwork processed, was not to see them as unapproachable.

This applies to tech comm because we are often viewed as a cost center, so we have to justify our requests. We have to articulate our value using language that decision-makers understand.

Professionalism can be present or lacking in any field, at any level.

Remember I said I was getting out of the restaurant business in pursuit of professionalism? There was a ton of ass-grabbing, boasting, and territoriality in the restaurant, most of it harmless. What bothered me was what I perceived as favoritism and dead ends. I felt like if I didn’t want to be a manager, I was never going to be treated as an adult.

It is different for me working in an office, but it’s just by a matter of degrees. Sexism, favoritism, gossip, racist jokes—they happen in the office, it’s just in whispers rather than in bawdy shouts. For the most part, I prefer it that way. It can be difficult to know where you stand, but should a jerk reveal his or herself, it is more likely to be within earshot of someone who can do something about it. Plus I found myself distracted less often by wanting to respond (I’m fairly confrontational).

There are more career paths, too; more avenues for promotion. So I’ve learned to take the rest more in stride.

After some recent readings (Intercom) I think this applies to Tech Comm in a couple of ways, both having to do with reputation. Complaining about a lack or respect and complaining about work. Both are going to make you look bad. Unless you’re in an extreme situation, there is probably a constructive measure you can be taking.

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How do You Make a Team Project Move Faster without Formal Authority?

Feb
11

No really, how do you?

Our team has had a committee working on help design (a.k.a. HD) for a year and a half.

Yesterday we unveiled the department desk reference topics for the new format. I fired up the projector, showed that the new book had been added to the TOC of the desk reference WebHelp file, and then outlined each part of the new content: concept and task topics about using the new topic templates, converting legacy topics, and structuring a TOC.

It took nine minutes.

We’ve already presented several times on the new format. Only two people have used it yet, one of whom helped design it. We don’t have trainings developed yet. I considered yesterday’s introduction a formality; a heads up that the desk reference has the info and a chance for the team to ask questions.

Our manager explained that she won’t really be pushing for people to implement the new format until we’ve had formal trainings, which the HD committee is charged with developing. Someone asked, “When will we have the trainings?”

“Um, well, we just started working on them, but the goal is to have them as soon as possible.” I am well aware that this is not actually an ETA, and I look to the other committee members for help. But by now I think they are pretty used to letting me talk in meetings, and they are apparently comfortable with letting this statement stand without amendment.

My manager tries a different angle. “Do you have a ballpark idea? Will it be a couple of months? A couple of weeks?” I know she is hoping I’ll say a couple of weeks, because it’s time for us to implement this format, already.

But until last week, the committee was completely focused on developing a great demo to sell clients and internal stakeholders on the new format, and before that milestone we were completely focused on finishing the design.

In order to get momentum on the trainings in last week’s meeting, I launched right into the “how” discussion and skipped over the “when” questions, which tend to stall us. And by now, I know better than to estimate an ETA for our group without discussing it with them first. They are apparently not up for discussing it right then in front of everyone. So I hem and haw a bit and then the meeting is over.

I’ve come to two conclusions as a result.

One, I’d like to pick dates for the trainings—aggressive ones—and work towards them. I think we’re at the point in the project where we should be able to do that.

The question is, how do I help the rest of the committee be confident in an aggressive date and willing to adopt that sense of urgency? So far, the only idea I have is to ask my manager to impose the dates. I can look at our training calendar and look at how soon we’re wanting to implement and see which dates we should choose. I can accept “good enough” over “perfect” in order to meet those dates. But, historically in HD, I can’t make the rest of the team see what I see on the calendar.

I think that, ideally, we would have had a project plan with a set amount of time for each milestone. We definitely took the meandering path, which let us reap some benefits that we wouldn’t have thought to include on a project plan. My guess is that this long finish is part of the price tag on that.

Two, I want someone else to take a turn at representing us to the team.

I’ve had plenty of practice and it’s time for someone else to work on that skill. I guess I’ve been hoarding it, in fact. The result was yesterday–crickets from both sides of the room. I just wish I would have thought of that before the end of the project. Any suggestions on passing the torch?

P.S. I am pretty excited about developing the trainings, actually.

It’s new for me, and I want to try out some ideas that my Twitter friend, Julio, recommends in this post.

Julio has instructional design background, and we’ve been chatting about tiered training. Tiered training! Twitter helped me find a way to squeeze that skill into my current job description. If you need more reasons to finally get on Twitter, read this post by Penelope Trunk.

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Scheduling with Clients (It's Easier than Scheduling with Senior Management)

Feb
8

Until recently, no one in our department had had occasion to schedule anything with a client, as far as I know. I was under the impression, in fact, that we weren’t encouraged to speak to clients at all—as in, we might not technically be allowed to speak to them.

At my company, we’re all familiar with Outlook invites; our company uses them heavily. If you are a person who happens to book meetings frequently, which I am, you can become an Outlook pro at our company. First you have to schedule the room. Then there is a separate invite for scheduling the people. Some rooms require that an administrative assistant send you an invite which you are NOT to use to invite the rest of the meeting attendees, because then the admin gets the responses. If you get the dreaded Declined response from an invitee, you get to figure out with them how to propose a new time for the meeting from that point, which is what they probably should have done in the first place.

If you are like me and you haven’t had much need to deal with inviting clients to anything, but the above sounds familiar, I can reassure you a bit that inviting clients is actually a more intuitive, normal process than the Outlook rigmarole.

The Reason I Had to Talk to Clients Was…

When we were finally finished with redesigning our help systems and creating topic templates, we presented them to our department director. Reorganizing our information was a cinch—that was our domain. But we were also asking for other fancy things like feedback features and a new look-and-feel that requires a new file format . These were not going to as easy for us to get. So our director asked us to show it to clients. We could see which features clients thought were going to be useful. After all, if clients want something, that’s more important than us wanting something. Pretty smart, actually.

So, demo planning began. We needed a new script tailored to clients and to an online format. We needed a survey to capture their responses for easy internal distribution. We needed to get clients to the demo. And we needed to include a growing list of internal folk.

Our director wanted to be there, in case the discussion got negative. The help design team wanted to be there, and our department manager. Another department wanted to send a couple of people to observe because they were considering using focus groups for some things. Our knowledge base administrator got invited, and the writers from another department. We were encouraged to include someone senior from the programming group. On top of that, the rest of our department was growing restless for information on the project, so we needed to include them, somehow.

How We Went About Getting Clients to Volunteer

First we had to get our hands on the actual clients. I drafted an email explaining that we needed some volunteers to preview the new help system, and our Marketing Director sent it to our user listserv. We got over 20 volunteers in under 24 hours. The clients really did want to talk to us. Just one of the little things that has made me less cynical during the course of this project.

How We Wooed the Volunteers

Here was the easy part about all this scheduling: I just called everyone. There was a super friendly email prior to that: “so glad you’re interested, I’d like to get back to you when we get to the scheduling phase in a week or so.” The guideline throughout was for the client to feel appreciated and to never feel like I had forgotten to get back to them.

When I called to formally invite each client to the demo, I had a script so that I wouldn’t forget to say anything important. I needed to let them know the date and time of the demo, the technical requirements, and a little more about what we would be covering. I also had some questions for them: I wanted to ask them to invite someone else from their facility, and I wanted to find out how they were currently using help systems. In fact, I had a survey that I filled out as I spoke to them. If they were in a hurry, I gave them the option of going online at their convenience to fill it out.

The point of making the phone call instead of continuing via email was to get a better level of commitment to attending. And we did get full attendance at the demo. In addition, it was too much information to successfully convey via email. I don’t think we would have gotten many survey responses—people wouldn’t have read down that far. And if people didn’t finish reading the email, then they might have ended up feeling like they had sufficient information about the demo, which is not how I wanted them to feel at any point.

Lastly, the phone call provided a much better opportunity for me to start building rapport than an email could have. The client and I can laugh together, I can ask them what they think about what I said to them, we can chat off topic a bit. Then I can send the Webex demo invite via email after the phone call, with the little Outlook invite attached, and if something is confusing or inconvenient, I am now a friendly person of whom they can easily ask a question. But you probably know all this; it’s fairly natural.

By the way, I never offered the option for any of the clients to choose a different time for the demo, and that wasn’t a problem for them. I presented it as, “this is the time we’re having the demo, can you make it?” Before I did that, I asked my favorite SME when the busy times are at hospitals, since our clients mostly work in hospitals. I looked at our director’s schedule and found a time that wasn’t during any of those busy times for the client.

I would have rescheduled if more than two or three clients had been unable to make it. But why open that can of worms before I had to? I was going to have plenty of fun scheduling internally.

Scheduling 80 Million Internal Attendees is Not Natural

When we came to our senses and realized we didn’t want all those people shuffling papers and typing while were giving the presentation on speaker phone. We thought some of them might get on the demo remotely by taking a Webex seat like the clients were doing, but there is a limit on the number of seats available. There was always the possibility of the client forwarding the invite to multiple people and filling up the seats, and we didn’t want technical difficulties.

We ended up with three demos: the online demo for clients, an internal demo for a couple of directors and architects who would need to implement these features for us (in which we shared how much the clients loved the pretty new format and the feedback features), and the demo for our team, in which we recapped what was new since the last time we talked about it.

What about you, do they let you talk to clients? What works for you?

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How Job Coaching Prepared Me for Technical Communication

Jan
21

My first “professional job” was as a job coach. A job coach, or an employment specialist (my official job title) is the front line worker in the field of supported employment. Supported employment is a way of supporting people with disabilities in work situations.

The main work situation for a job coach to support is an individual with a job in the regular workforce. I helped the person find a job and get training that worked for them. Our team usually worked with developmentally disabled people, but supported employment is also helpful to people with physical disability and mental illness.

The assumption behind all of this is that most people with disabilities can work if companies, job coaches, and the individuals are doing their part. I love this assumption. I love the idea of having this goal that all three parts of that job equation have to keep working towards. Because it’s true, most people can work. And it’s good for everyone if they do.

I’m not talking about people who have taken disability for some reason after having been in the work force—I don’t know much about that. I’m talking about people who have gone through their lives watching other people take jobs for granted. There is a whole largely untapped pool of potential employees.

Some of the benefits to employers are employees who are less likely to job hop, tax benefits, improved co-worker moral and company image. And if a company looks at its positions and processes to see how they could be modified to hire someone with a disability, work flow can be improved.

I was not a very good job coach.

Looking back, it would have been so much better if I had learned more about task analysis so that I could recommend better job modifications and accommodations. I had some training on that, but I couldn’t imagine asserting myself as the expert to the companies I was trying to convince to hire my consumers. That’s business analyst stuff. Now it sounds fun; then, it was overwhelming.

It would have been so much better if I had had the outgoing, energetic oomph of one of my co-workers. She couldn’t help but network, and she was always on the beat, zooming in and out of the office in a whirl of interviews and first days on the job. Her sunny, hard-working attitude reflected well on the potential employees she represented. Hiring managers were helpless before it.

Job coaches generally spend a lot of time with the new employee during their first weeks on the job, providing extended one-on-one training that would be expensive for the employer to provide. It was intuitive, rewarding work for me. I like the problem-solving, and responding to what the person needed in order to do well. Sometimes it was a job aid, or an extra break, or retraining on a skill. But, often it was something more elusive. My inexperience frustrated me.

Still, I learned a ton. Here’s a short list:

1.Redirection isn’t just for kids.

I learn redirection when I was trained as a daycare teacher and used it throughout my job coaching experience–instead of scolding, redirect misbehaving kids to other activities without acknowledging the bad behavior. I constantly learn new ways to apply this. Change the subject. Stop talking about what someone shouldn’t do and talk about what they should do or what they are doing well.

This even seems to work for solving a thorny problem, like improving a process or making headway on an overwhelming project. If I spend just a little time enjoying the part of the task that is going well, it usually helps me think of a way to fix the problem area.

2.It matters what I do.

I worked with one woman to get a job at a daycare center. She ended up reporting two other workers who were using excessive force with the kids. If she and I hadn’t persevered to find a daycare that could see her worth, it might have taken longer to help those kids.

That same woman later ran away from her sister’s home with an older man who was probably taking advantage of her disability. Her sister thought that if I could talk to the woman, she might listen to me. Maybe she would have and maybe not—there wasn’t a way for me to get ahold of her. But it struck me what a responsibility I had.

Now I write instructions for medical devices and programs that influence patient safety. It makes me think twice when people say no one uses the help. Of course I want them to, but it’s a big responsibility. And as soon as it doesn’t matter what I do, I’ll go do something else.

3.People need to feel capable.

I worked with a lot of people who bagged groceries and washed dishes—and those jobs transformed them. Absolutely everyone benefits when that happens.

I’m going to draw a line here between that and our software users. What’s user error? Isn’t it usually our failure to structure the information (job) so that the user can be successful? I think this also applies to teams. How can a team get more capable if management is afraid to let them make mistakes?

4.There are types of intelligence, and a spectrum of intelligence per type.

Contrary to popular snark, there isn’t an invisible line with smart people on one side and dumb people on the other. People can have all kinds of combinations of intelligences, all kinds of strengths and weaknesses.

There is a medical definition–an IQ cutoff–for mental retardation. There’s an IQ cutoff for genius, too. But people have IQs all up and down that scale. The same is true for the types intelligence that don’t have such well-known scales, such as emotional intelligence.

My customer at the day care center was a whiz at punctuality and remembering details. I, ahem, was not. I’ve gotten much better, but there it is.

5.Everyone needs an accommodation.

I’m probably not surprising any managers here, but even your best performers may have some area where you might cut them some slack or compensate for their inability somehow. People should work on their weaknesses, but sometimes a person is only going to get so much better at something. You might be surprised by how much the person can help you gauge that if you talk to them about it.

What accommodations do our audiences need? Is the manual locked in the supervisor’s office during the night shift? Is this device commonly used by people who are on medication that clouds their vision? How will we know if we don’t research?

6.Accessibility and inclusiveness benefit everyone.

In tech comm we are getting familiar with the idea that web sites and documents that are structured well, with large print and good contrast, are easier for everyone to use, not just people with disabilities. The same is true of a workplace that is inclusive.

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